Jupiter's rotation, time-lapse. Jupiter's rotation is the fastest of all the planets of the solar system, taking less than ten hours. Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest, with a diameter more than ten times that of Earth and a volume of over 1000 Earths. It is a gas giant of mostly hydrogen and helium. The outer surface clouds are coloured by trace chemical elements and blown by high winds to form bands and long-lived storm systems such as the Great Red Spot. Composite of images taken from 5th to 14th of June 2016.