Science Source Stock Photo - Pennsylvania Coal Miners and Nippers, 1911

Pennsylvania Coal Miners and Nippers, 1911

Description: Entitled: "At the close of the day. Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not very well protected on other two, and is usually crowded like this. Small boy in front is Jo Pume, a Nipper, 163 Pine Street. Shaft #6, Pennsylvania Coal Company. Location: South Pittston, Pennsylvania." Child labor refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. According to the 1900 US Census about 1 in every 6 Children between the ages of five and ten were engaged in "gainful occupations" in the United States. This trend alarmed Americans who, while supporting the traditional role of children in agriculture, found the idea of American youth laboring for meager wages in industrial factories appalling. From 1909 to 1921 the NCLC (National Child Labor Committee) capitalized on this moral outrage by making it the focal point of the NCLC campaign against child labor. They hired Lewis Hine, a teacher and professional photographer trained in sociology, to document child labor in American industry. Over the next ten years Hine would publish thousands of photographs designed to pull at the nation's heartstrings. Photographed by Lewis Hine, January 1911.

Credit:

Library of Congress/Science Source

Unique identifier: SS2714446

Legacy Identifier: JC8538

Type: Image

Size: 3411px × 4200px (~40 MB)

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