African-American school children entering the Mary E. Branch School at South Main Street and Griffin Boulevard, Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia. Desegregation was long a focus of the American Civil Rights Movement, both before and after the US Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. Integration includes goals such as creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Thomas J. O'Halloran, September 16, 1963.